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October 26, 2026·7 min read·Design walkthroughs

Design Google Docs: Back-of-the-Envelope Estimates

A step-by-step back-of-the-envelope estimation guide for the Design Google Docs system design interview question, showing how capacity estimates shape architecture.

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February 23, 2026·5 min read·Design walkthroughs

Design a Rate Limiter: A System Design Interview Walkthrough

How to answer the rate limiter system design question — token bucket vs. sliding window, where to enforce the limit, and how to make it work across multiple servers.

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January 26, 2026·4 min read·Design walkthroughs

How to Design a URL Shortener (Bitly): The Complete Guide

Learn how to design a URL shortener step by step — short code generation, redirect-path caching, and data storage trade-offs — then rehearse the exact same question out loud in a live mock interview.

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